The document appears to be a presentation given by M.N. Guseva at the 4th All-Russian School on Clinical Immunology in 2013. It discusses agammaglobulinemia, including its historical background identified by Colonel Bruton in 1952, diagnostic criteria according to immunological profiles and genetic testing, typical symptoms at diagnosis, and guidelines for definitive, probable and possible diagnosis. It also notes treatment involves lifelong intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to prevent infections.
El documento define la economía como la administración de recursos escasos para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Explica que la economía estudia cómo las sociedades producen, intercambian, distribuyen y consumen bienes y servicios. También analiza el comportamiento humano en relación con la asignación de recursos limitados entre fines alternativos.
1) Edexcel is an examining and awarding body that provides qualifications worldwide. It supports centers that offer education programs to learners through a network of UK and international offices.
2) Candidates' work will be marked according to principles such as marking positively and awarding all marks deserved according to the mark scheme. Subject specialists are available to help with specific content questions.
3) The document provides notes on marking principles for a GCSE mathematics exam, including how to apply the mark scheme and address various student responses.
El documento define la economía como la administración de recursos escasos para satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Explica que la economía estudia cómo las sociedades producen, intercambian, distribuyen y consumen bienes y servicios. También analiza el comportamiento humano en relación con la asignación de recursos limitados entre fines alternativos.
1) Edexcel is an examining and awarding body that provides qualifications worldwide. It supports centers that offer education programs to learners through a network of UK and international offices.
2) Candidates' work will be marked according to principles such as marking positively and awarding all marks deserved according to the mark scheme. Subject specialists are available to help with specific content questions.
3) The document provides notes on marking principles for a GCSE mathematics exam, including how to apply the mark scheme and address various student responses.
The document announces the 14th Annual Candlelight Remembrance hosted by Families & Friends of Murder Victims to honor victims of crime. The event will take place on April 25, 2013 from 6:00-8:00pm at the Rancho Cucamonga Civic Center Courtyard. Attendees are invited to bring pictures and shoes of their loved ones to display. Information is also provided on reserving a table for community agencies and submitting photos for a slideshow. A participation and photo release form is included for the event.
El documento describe las etapas del desarrollo prenatal desde la concepción hasta el nacimiento, incluyendo el período de gestación, el embrión, el feto y los factores que pueden interrumpir el embarazo. También describe las características del neonato y los cuidados necesarios como la alimentación, manipulación y comunicación. Finalmente, explica varios reflejos presentes en los recién nacidos.
The sixth grade students of Les Acàcies School visited the Delta del Llobregat nature reserve to learn about its important wetlands and observe various bird species. The students were able to see different birds like mallards, geese, and Audouin's gulls using binoculars. They also learned about the Mediterranean orchids that can be found in the delta. The students found the tour very educational as they observed the local plants and birds and took many photographs.
El documento describe las fortalezas y debilidades del trabajo colaborativo, así como un modelo de clase sobre países europeos y sus capitales que utiliza esta metodología. El modelo involucra dividir a los estudiantes en grupos para investigar países o capitales, completar un mapa de Europa en grupos y compartir el producto final en un blog.
This document discusses several topics including tensegrity structures, stamp collecting, and the author's ideas. It contains images and quotes about designing for the future and anticipating needs. The author is Jeremy Tai Abbett from Hamburg, Germany who shares links to his online profiles and work exploring tensegrity concepts. The document ends by thanking the viewer and providing more details on the author's website where this topic is further discussed.
Современная концепция диагностики и терапииAndrey Levin
This document discusses agammaglobulinemia, also known as Bruton's disease. It provides a historical overview of the condition beginning with its identification in 1952 by Colonel Bruton. It describes the immunological and genetic characteristics of agammaglobulinemia including absent B cells and immunoglobulins. Typical symptoms are recurrent bacterial infections. Diagnosis involves assessing immunoglobulin levels and B cell percentages. Treatment requires lifelong IgG replacement therapy through intravenous immunoglobulin injections along with antibiotic therapy for infections.
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases marked with elevated intraocular pressure IOP, reduced visual acuity, optic neuropathies and the corresponding visual field
defects. Its etiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess Helicobacter pylori bacteria in glaucoma disease patients. The infection of H. pylori was
associated with glaucoma by detecting serum IgG antibody against H. pylori qualitatively using immunochromatographic method; and also by isolating the organism
from media cultures of fresh faecal samples of the glaucoma patients. In a total of 217 glaucoma patients, 212 (97.7%) were IgG serum positive; while only 25
(13.89%) of the 180 control was IgG positive P<.001. H. pylori was successfully cultured in 202 (95.3%) feacal samples of these 212 seropositives. The 202 isolates
were all Gram negative and produced the enzymes catalase, oxidase and urease. They were highly motile; and poor in the hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate and hippurate
(4.9% and 4.4% respectively). They poorly fermented sugar, 7.4% for sucrose and glaucose and 12.3% for lactose. In the antibiotics susceptibility pattern, H. pylori
was most resistant to vancomycin 66.8% (135 of the 202) and metronidazole 44.5% (90 of the 202); while H. pylori was most sensitive to tetracycline and
ciprofloxacin by 94% and 91.5% respectively. The biochemical characteristics and the antibiotics resistant marker for claritromycin are chromosomal while the
resistant marker for amoxicillin was plasmid located. In conclusion, H. pylori infection is associated with the risk for glaucoma development in the population.
Clinicians who care for patients with H. pylori infection should also consider that H. pylori can cause not only digestive illness but also eye disease. This association
offers a novel approach towards the care for glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness.
The document summarizes a research study that aims to develop a treatment for Lissencephaly caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnant mice. The study will inject mice infected with CMV with antibodies (IgG, IgM) or interleukins (IL-6, IL-28) to increase antibody levels and reduce CMV presence. After 15 days, placenta and blood samples will be analyzed using immunofluorescence and antigen assays. MRI scans will also be performed to check for Lissencephaly symptoms in newborn mice. The researchers hypothesize that increasing antibody levels can reduce CMV and Lissencephaly risks for fetuses.
The document summarizes a study on slime production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with corneal infections and healthy controls. A total of 57 S. epidermidis isolates were tested: 37 from patients with keratitis and 20 from healthy eyes. 52.63% of all isolates were positive for slime production, with 62.16% of patient isolates and 35% of control isolates positive. Positive slime producers exhibited higher antibiotic resistance than negative producers. Cephalothin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against both patient and control isolates. The results indicate slime production contributes to S. epidermidis antibiotic resistance and virulence in corneal infections.
Background &Objective: Klebsiella pneumonia causes different serious nosocomial infections for human and several strains became multiple drug resistance .This study was conducted to describe the epidemiology and molecular typing of Klebsiella pneumonia with the extended spectrum of B lactamase enzyme in Gaza strip .Methods :A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of December 2008 to November2009. One hundred and fifty clinical specimens were collected from patients admitted in different wards . Results : Sixty six percentage of the isolates were K.pneumonia .These were isolated from different infected sites : urine 24% , sputum 14%, wound 11% , stool11% , blood14% , cerebrospinal fluid 11% , skin16% . The ESBLs was detected in 67% of the strains ,53% strains were resistant for more than eight antibiotics , PCR demonstrated different patterns for the presence of SHV(80%) , TEM(60%) enzyme and CTX-M(20%), PFGE Showed 10 clusters of genetically unrelated strains with high prevalence of polyclonal strains of Klebsiella pneumonia. Antibiotic resistance was found against Cephalothin(95.0%),Cefotaxime(82.0%),Ceftazidime(59.0%),Ceftriaxone(86.0%),Gentamicin(56.0%),Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole(47.0%)..Chloramphenicol(42%),Amikacin(33%),Aztreonam (32%) and Imipenem(0%). Interpretation, Conclusion : our findings showed that genetically-related isolates of K. pneumoniae producing SHV and TEM and CTX-M were present in Gaza Strip. Larger studies need to be done to better define the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and its clinical implications
Efficacy and safety of celgosivir in patients with dengue fever (CELADEN)- a ...Yan'an Hou
This phase 1b clinical trial tested the antiviral drug celgosivir for treatment of acute dengue fever. 50 patients in Singapore who had symptoms of dengue for less than 48 hours were randomly assigned to receive either celgosivir or placebo treatment. While celgosivir was generally safe and well tolerated, it did not significantly reduce viral load or fever compared to placebo. The study found celgosivir does not seem to be an effective treatment for acute dengue infection.
This document summarizes a case report of a patient who initially presented with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis but was later diagnosed with activated phosphoinositol 3 kinase δ syndrome (APDS1). The patient showed an initial variant of unknown significance in the PIK3CD gene that was later confirmed to cause APDS1. The patient developed signs of immune deficiency, autoimmunity, cytopenias and CMV viremia after initially achieving remission for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This case report demonstrates that variants identified on genetic testing should be considered even in the absence of an APDS1 phenotype and close monitoring of patients is important to accurately diagnose and treat this primary immunodeficiency
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. It begins by outlining the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in India, ranging from 15-57% depending on the region. It then describes the main diagnostic tests available, including antibody detection methods like dye test, ELISA, and western blot. It also covers detection of the parasite via microscopy, animal inoculation, and PCR. The document concludes by explaining applications of these tests for screening pregnant women, diagnosing congenital or neonatal infections, and identifying cerebral toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients.
Detection of Integrons in Multidrug Resistant Wound Isolatesijtsrd
Integrons are mobile genetic structures that carry genes responsible for resistance to different classes of antibiotics. These genetic platforms are disseminated easily among bacteria through horizontal transfer. This makes it possible for bacteria infecting parts of the body including wounds to harbor integrons resulting to poor therapeutic outcomes. This study was conducted to detect the presence of integrons in multidrug resistance isolates from wounds. Three hundred and sixty chronic wound patients were sampled using sterile cotton tipped swab sticks. The specimens were cultured according to standard microbiological procedures. The isolates were characterized by standard biochemical tests. The genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted by boiling method and was sequenced using the Big Dye kit on 3510 ABI sequencer. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using disc diffusion method. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out on The DNA extracts using Class 1 and Class 11 Integron primers. The result shows that all 360 wound swab specimens yielded single bacteria isolate each. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent isolate 44.2 . The antimicrobial susceptibility test indicates that 42 isolates 11.7 were multidrug resistant MDR . Streptomycin attracted the highest resistance of 88.89 . The least resistance was to Imipenem 35.71 . The gel electrophoresis of the Multiplex PCR product indicates that 90.5 of the MDR isolates possess Class 1 Integron, 33.33 possess Class 11 Integron and 23.8 possess both Integron 1 and Integron 11. In conclusion, this study reports high prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic wound swabs and 11.7 multidrug resistance among all isolates. The study also reports high prevalence of Class 1 Integron in multidrug resistance isolates. It is therefore recommended that stringent infection control measures be adopted to prevent the spread of bacteria harbouring antibiotic resistance genetic structures. Also rational antibiotic policy is recommended to avoid selection of drug resistance under antibiotic pressure. Ere, Justus Ejike | Enwuru, Chika Paulinus | Wachukwu, C. K "Detection of Integrons in Multidrug Resistant Wound Isolates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49409/detection-of-integrons-in-multidrug-resistant-wound-isolates/ere-justus-ejike
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions 7 c09Paul Thiessen
This document discusses the role of neutrophils and macrophages in mediating various physiological and pathological processes. It summarizes several scientific studies that found:
1) Neutrophils can be recruited by substances like gliadin and mediate local inflammatory responses in tissues like the intestine.
2) Neutrophils and macrophages produce reactive molecules that can damage cells and tissues, and their activation levels correlate with conditions like infertility and acute coronary syndrome.
3) Chronic activation of the innate immune system by these cells may underlie metabolic syndrome by stimulating inflammation and hormonal changes.
4) Oxidative stress can increase blood levels of modified lipids implicated in atherosclerosis, coinciding with increased neutrophil counts.
The document announces the 14th Annual Candlelight Remembrance hosted by Families & Friends of Murder Victims to honor victims of crime. The event will take place on April 25, 2013 from 6:00-8:00pm at the Rancho Cucamonga Civic Center Courtyard. Attendees are invited to bring pictures and shoes of their loved ones to display. Information is also provided on reserving a table for community agencies and submitting photos for a slideshow. A participation and photo release form is included for the event.
El documento describe las etapas del desarrollo prenatal desde la concepción hasta el nacimiento, incluyendo el período de gestación, el embrión, el feto y los factores que pueden interrumpir el embarazo. También describe las características del neonato y los cuidados necesarios como la alimentación, manipulación y comunicación. Finalmente, explica varios reflejos presentes en los recién nacidos.
The sixth grade students of Les Acàcies School visited the Delta del Llobregat nature reserve to learn about its important wetlands and observe various bird species. The students were able to see different birds like mallards, geese, and Audouin's gulls using binoculars. They also learned about the Mediterranean orchids that can be found in the delta. The students found the tour very educational as they observed the local plants and birds and took many photographs.
El documento describe las fortalezas y debilidades del trabajo colaborativo, así como un modelo de clase sobre países europeos y sus capitales que utiliza esta metodología. El modelo involucra dividir a los estudiantes en grupos para investigar países o capitales, completar un mapa de Europa en grupos y compartir el producto final en un blog.
This document discusses several topics including tensegrity structures, stamp collecting, and the author's ideas. It contains images and quotes about designing for the future and anticipating needs. The author is Jeremy Tai Abbett from Hamburg, Germany who shares links to his online profiles and work exploring tensegrity concepts. The document ends by thanking the viewer and providing more details on the author's website where this topic is further discussed.
Современная концепция диагностики и терапииAndrey Levin
This document discusses agammaglobulinemia, also known as Bruton's disease. It provides a historical overview of the condition beginning with its identification in 1952 by Colonel Bruton. It describes the immunological and genetic characteristics of agammaglobulinemia including absent B cells and immunoglobulins. Typical symptoms are recurrent bacterial infections. Diagnosis involves assessing immunoglobulin levels and B cell percentages. Treatment requires lifelong IgG replacement therapy through intravenous immunoglobulin injections along with antibiotic therapy for infections.
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases marked with elevated intraocular pressure IOP, reduced visual acuity, optic neuropathies and the corresponding visual field
defects. Its etiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess Helicobacter pylori bacteria in glaucoma disease patients. The infection of H. pylori was
associated with glaucoma by detecting serum IgG antibody against H. pylori qualitatively using immunochromatographic method; and also by isolating the organism
from media cultures of fresh faecal samples of the glaucoma patients. In a total of 217 glaucoma patients, 212 (97.7%) were IgG serum positive; while only 25
(13.89%) of the 180 control was IgG positive P<.001. H. pylori was successfully cultured in 202 (95.3%) feacal samples of these 212 seropositives. The 202 isolates
were all Gram negative and produced the enzymes catalase, oxidase and urease. They were highly motile; and poor in the hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate and hippurate
(4.9% and 4.4% respectively). They poorly fermented sugar, 7.4% for sucrose and glaucose and 12.3% for lactose. In the antibiotics susceptibility pattern, H. pylori
was most resistant to vancomycin 66.8% (135 of the 202) and metronidazole 44.5% (90 of the 202); while H. pylori was most sensitive to tetracycline and
ciprofloxacin by 94% and 91.5% respectively. The biochemical characteristics and the antibiotics resistant marker for claritromycin are chromosomal while the
resistant marker for amoxicillin was plasmid located. In conclusion, H. pylori infection is associated with the risk for glaucoma development in the population.
Clinicians who care for patients with H. pylori infection should also consider that H. pylori can cause not only digestive illness but also eye disease. This association
offers a novel approach towards the care for glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness.
The document summarizes a research study that aims to develop a treatment for Lissencephaly caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnant mice. The study will inject mice infected with CMV with antibodies (IgG, IgM) or interleukins (IL-6, IL-28) to increase antibody levels and reduce CMV presence. After 15 days, placenta and blood samples will be analyzed using immunofluorescence and antigen assays. MRI scans will also be performed to check for Lissencephaly symptoms in newborn mice. The researchers hypothesize that increasing antibody levels can reduce CMV and Lissencephaly risks for fetuses.
The document summarizes a study on slime production by Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with corneal infections and healthy controls. A total of 57 S. epidermidis isolates were tested: 37 from patients with keratitis and 20 from healthy eyes. 52.63% of all isolates were positive for slime production, with 62.16% of patient isolates and 35% of control isolates positive. Positive slime producers exhibited higher antibiotic resistance than negative producers. Cephalothin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics against both patient and control isolates. The results indicate slime production contributes to S. epidermidis antibiotic resistance and virulence in corneal infections.
Background &Objective: Klebsiella pneumonia causes different serious nosocomial infections for human and several strains became multiple drug resistance .This study was conducted to describe the epidemiology and molecular typing of Klebsiella pneumonia with the extended spectrum of B lactamase enzyme in Gaza strip .Methods :A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of December 2008 to November2009. One hundred and fifty clinical specimens were collected from patients admitted in different wards . Results : Sixty six percentage of the isolates were K.pneumonia .These were isolated from different infected sites : urine 24% , sputum 14%, wound 11% , stool11% , blood14% , cerebrospinal fluid 11% , skin16% . The ESBLs was detected in 67% of the strains ,53% strains were resistant for more than eight antibiotics , PCR demonstrated different patterns for the presence of SHV(80%) , TEM(60%) enzyme and CTX-M(20%), PFGE Showed 10 clusters of genetically unrelated strains with high prevalence of polyclonal strains of Klebsiella pneumonia. Antibiotic resistance was found against Cephalothin(95.0%),Cefotaxime(82.0%),Ceftazidime(59.0%),Ceftriaxone(86.0%),Gentamicin(56.0%),Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole(47.0%)..Chloramphenicol(42%),Amikacin(33%),Aztreonam (32%) and Imipenem(0%). Interpretation, Conclusion : our findings showed that genetically-related isolates of K. pneumoniae producing SHV and TEM and CTX-M were present in Gaza Strip. Larger studies need to be done to better define the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and its clinical implications
Efficacy and safety of celgosivir in patients with dengue fever (CELADEN)- a ...Yan'an Hou
This phase 1b clinical trial tested the antiviral drug celgosivir for treatment of acute dengue fever. 50 patients in Singapore who had symptoms of dengue for less than 48 hours were randomly assigned to receive either celgosivir or placebo treatment. While celgosivir was generally safe and well tolerated, it did not significantly reduce viral load or fever compared to placebo. The study found celgosivir does not seem to be an effective treatment for acute dengue infection.
This document summarizes a case report of a patient who initially presented with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis but was later diagnosed with activated phosphoinositol 3 kinase δ syndrome (APDS1). The patient showed an initial variant of unknown significance in the PIK3CD gene that was later confirmed to cause APDS1. The patient developed signs of immune deficiency, autoimmunity, cytopenias and CMV viremia after initially achieving remission for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This case report demonstrates that variants identified on genetic testing should be considered even in the absence of an APDS1 phenotype and close monitoring of patients is important to accurately diagnose and treat this primary immunodeficiency
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. It begins by outlining the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in India, ranging from 15-57% depending on the region. It then describes the main diagnostic tests available, including antibody detection methods like dye test, ELISA, and western blot. It also covers detection of the parasite via microscopy, animal inoculation, and PCR. The document concludes by explaining applications of these tests for screening pregnant women, diagnosing congenital or neonatal infections, and identifying cerebral toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients.
Detection of Integrons in Multidrug Resistant Wound Isolatesijtsrd
Integrons are mobile genetic structures that carry genes responsible for resistance to different classes of antibiotics. These genetic platforms are disseminated easily among bacteria through horizontal transfer. This makes it possible for bacteria infecting parts of the body including wounds to harbor integrons resulting to poor therapeutic outcomes. This study was conducted to detect the presence of integrons in multidrug resistance isolates from wounds. Three hundred and sixty chronic wound patients were sampled using sterile cotton tipped swab sticks. The specimens were cultured according to standard microbiological procedures. The isolates were characterized by standard biochemical tests. The genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted by boiling method and was sequenced using the Big Dye kit on 3510 ABI sequencer. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using disc diffusion method. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out on The DNA extracts using Class 1 and Class 11 Integron primers. The result shows that all 360 wound swab specimens yielded single bacteria isolate each. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent isolate 44.2 . The antimicrobial susceptibility test indicates that 42 isolates 11.7 were multidrug resistant MDR . Streptomycin attracted the highest resistance of 88.89 . The least resistance was to Imipenem 35.71 . The gel electrophoresis of the Multiplex PCR product indicates that 90.5 of the MDR isolates possess Class 1 Integron, 33.33 possess Class 11 Integron and 23.8 possess both Integron 1 and Integron 11. In conclusion, this study reports high prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic wound swabs and 11.7 multidrug resistance among all isolates. The study also reports high prevalence of Class 1 Integron in multidrug resistance isolates. It is therefore recommended that stringent infection control measures be adopted to prevent the spread of bacteria harbouring antibiotic resistance genetic structures. Also rational antibiotic policy is recommended to avoid selection of drug resistance under antibiotic pressure. Ere, Justus Ejike | Enwuru, Chika Paulinus | Wachukwu, C. K "Detection of Integrons in Multidrug Resistant Wound Isolates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49409/detection-of-integrons-in-multidrug-resistant-wound-isolates/ere-justus-ejike
Explore the cell's role in mediating adverse reactions 7 c09Paul Thiessen
This document discusses the role of neutrophils and macrophages in mediating various physiological and pathological processes. It summarizes several scientific studies that found:
1) Neutrophils can be recruited by substances like gliadin and mediate local inflammatory responses in tissues like the intestine.
2) Neutrophils and macrophages produce reactive molecules that can damage cells and tissues, and their activation levels correlate with conditions like infertility and acute coronary syndrome.
3) Chronic activation of the innate immune system by these cells may underlie metabolic syndrome by stimulating inflammation and hormonal changes.
4) Oxidative stress can increase blood levels of modified lipids implicated in atherosclerosis, coinciding with increased neutrophil counts.
This study aimed to establish a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count cutoff that could distinguish bacterial meningitis from viral and aseptic meningitis in children. The study retrospectively analyzed 295 children admitted with CSF pleocytosis between 2005-2009. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in 31 children (10.5%), viral meningitis in 156 (52.9%), and aseptic meningitis in 108 (36.6%). CSF WBC count was significantly higher in bacterial meningitis compared to the other groups. A cutoff of 321 WBC/μL provided the best balance of sensitivity (80.6%) and specificity (81.4%) for diagnosing bacterial
The document provides information about Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) and Streptococcus viridans. It describes the typical morphology, culture characteristics, pathogenicity and laboratory identification of these two types of bacteria. S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and other infections. It is distinguished from S. viridans by being optochin-sensitive, bile soluble and able to ferment inulin.
This study validated a multiplexed IgG and IgM test for Toxoplasma gondii on a plasmonic gold (pGOLD) platform using 244 serum samples from clinical cohorts in Nice, France. Results from the pGOLD platform agreed with commercial kits in 95% for IgG and 93% for IgM. When compared to the overall clinical interpretation, agreement was 99.5% for IgG and 97.7% for IgM. The pGOLD platform allows simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM using only 1 microliter of serum. This low-volume multiplex test shows potential for large-scale prenatal screening programs for toxoplasmosis.
Alexander Gold - CAEV Literature Review for IndustryAlexander Gold
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus that infects goats and causes arthritis, mastitis, and encephalitis. It is transmitted from mother goats to kids through colostrum and milk. While infection can also occur in utero or through contact, milk-borne transmission is the primary route. The virus infects white blood cells and travels to joints, mammary glands, and brain tissue, causing inflammation and disease. Diagnosis is through ELISA antibody tests and PCR DNA detection. There is no treatment, so control relies on identification and separation of infected animals.
Common variable immunodeficiency is characterized by low levels of immunoglobulins and recurrent sinopulmonary infections. It is usually diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. Complications include autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal problems, malignancies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Treatment involves immunoglobulin replacement therapy and monitoring for pulmonary damage and infections. Prognosis is generally good with immune globulin therapy, though those diagnosed after irreversible lung disease develop a shorter lifespan.
Comparison of tzanck smear with viral serology in varicellaEva Yustiana
This document summarizes a study comparing the Tzanck smear test to viral serology for diagnosing varicella (chickenpox). The study analyzed 50 patients with symptoms of varicella. The Tzanck smear, which examines skin scrapings for multinucleated giant cells, was positive in 66% of patients. Viral serology, which detects antibodies against the varicella virus, was positive in 90% of patients. Both tests showed matching positive results in 62% of patients. The study concludes that the Tzanck smear provides a quick diagnosis of varicella but may miss some cases, while viral serology confirms diagnosis but requires longer for results.
This document provides information about community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. It discusses the changing epidemiology, pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines. The key points are:
1) Since the introduction of vaccines for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae, there has been a 90% reduction in H. influenzae infections and the median age of meningitis cases has increased to 39 years old.
2) Common pathogens include S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and gram-negative bacilli. Mortality is highest in those over 65.
3) Treatment guidelines recommend dexamethasone be administered with the first dose of antibiotics to
Recent advances in enteric fever diagnosis and treatment include new diagnostic tests and vaccines. The IDL Tubex® test and Typhidot® test can rapidly detect IgM antibodies to aid in diagnosing current Salmonella infections. Typhidot-M® detects IgM only and can replace Widal tests. PCR methods also show promise but may not be cost-effective. Newer treatments include azithromycin and combination therapies with quinolones and zidovudine. Vaccines including the Vi polysaccharide vaccine and live attenuated vaccines like CVD 908 and CVD 908-htrA show effectiveness above 65% and are well tolerated.
This document summarizes a study on the isolation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus. The study found that out of 83 samples collected from eye secretions, 69 (83.13%) tested positive for human adenovirus using rapid tests and PCR. The highest rate of infection was found in individuals aged 16-30 years old (55.04%) and males had a higher rate of infection than females. Human adenovirus was successfully isolated by inoculating samples on chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and embryonated eggs, where cytopathic effects were observed. Molecular characterization was also conducted to identify the adenovirus strains present.
1. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Cовременная концепция
диагностики и терапии
агаммаглобулинемии с
дефицитом В клеток
Г
Гусева М.Н.
IV Всероссийская Школа по Клинической иммунологии
Пушкинские Горы,Псковская область 27 янв-2февр 2013
2. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
PEDIATRICS
Official Journal of the American Academy of
Pediatrics
Vol 127 №5 may 2011
Clinical Features That Identify Children With
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
3. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Proportion of Children With the 10 Warning Signs Grouped According to PID Type
No Defianble PID Definable PID B Lymhocyte
(N=133), n(%) (N = 430), n(%) (N = 92), n(%)
Positive family history 6(4) 148(34)а 24(26)а
≥2 deep-seated infections 15(11) 44(10) 8(9)
≥2 episodes of pneumonia 34(26) 105(24) 34(37)
Abscesses(deep skin or 9(7) 56(13) 2(2)
organ)
Multiple acute otitis media 47(35) 64(15)а 29(31)
≥2 sinus infections 21(16) 23(5)а 14(15)
Persistent thrush 5(4) 63(15)а 2(2)
Intravenous antibiotics 56(42) 241(56)а 41(45)
≥2 mo of oral antibiotics 3(2) 75(17)а 14(15)
with little effect
Failure to thrive 7(3) 135(31)а 9(10)
4. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Agammaglobulinemia: historical notes
Colonel Odgen C. Bruton, 1952
5. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Agammaglobulinemia:historical notes
Colonel Bruton, 1952
6. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Pediatrics, 9, 722-728, 1952
AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA
By Col. Ogden C. Bruton, M.C., U.S.A.
Washinton, D.C.
The complete absence of gamma globulin in human serum with a normal total
protein as determined by electrophoretic analysis does not appear to have as yet
det
been reported in the literature. Stern1 mentions two cases of hypoproteinemia in
children who had “almost complete absence of gamma globulin and were
singularly free of infection.” Schick2 reported a similar congenital case without
nephrosis with a review of the literature in wich the total protein was low, the
gamma globulin fraction low, and edema present. The latter findings in
nephrosis are well known. Krebs3 reported a case in wich there was a
“depression of gammaglobulin in hypoproteinemia due to malnutrition.”
The present author had the opportunity of following a patient without nephrotic
syndrome, with normal nutrition, with complete absence of the gamma globulin
fraction and normal total serum protein through several years of many
infections including 19 episodes of clinical sepsis in wich some type
pneumococcus was recovered by blood culture 10 time. This entity, wich, it
was found, could be controlled by supplying gamma globulin as contained in
concentrated immune human serum globulin, appears to be unique.
7. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF.
Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single
radial immunodiffusion.
Immunochemistry. 1965 Sep;2(3):235-54.
8. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Agammaglobulinemia
Immunological profile:
- Absent/low immunoglobulin serum levels
- Absence of circulating B cells (CD19+:<1%)
Healthy subject Agammaglobulinemic patients
CD19
CD3
9. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Cytofluorimetric analysis of bone marrow’s B cells
Controllo Agamma
Healthy controls Agammaglobulinemic patients
CD34+CD19+ CD34+CD19+
CD34 CD34-CD19+ CD34-CD19+
CD19
10. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
pre-B cell
pro-B cell Btk
Myc, NFAT, NF-
kB, AP-1
11. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
• Ген состоит из 19 • 90% всех случаев
экзонов агаммаглобулинемии
• Локализован на XLA
Xq21.3-Xq22
• 10% аутосомно-
рецессивное
наследование
12. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Symptoms
at diagnosis
45
Percentage of patients
40
35
15%
30
25
20 20%
15 65%
10
5 Haemoph.inf. Streptoc.pneum.
0 Pseudom.aerug.
VAPP
Otitis
Sepsis
Others
Sinusitis
Arthritis
Gastroenteritis
Mening/Encephal.
Pneumonia
Skin infections
13. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
Definitive(Диагноз достоверен)
Male patient with less than 2% CD19+ B cells and at least one of the following:
1) Mutation in Btk
2) Absent Btk mRNA on northern blot analysis of neutrophils or monocytes
3) Absent Btk protein in monocytes or platelets
4) Maternal cousins, uncles or nephews with less than 2% CD19+ B cells
www.esid.org
14. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Probable(вероятен)
Male patient with less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom all of the following are positive:
1) Onset of recurrent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2) Serum IgG, IgM and IgA more than 2SD below normal for age
3) Absent isohemagglutinins and /or poor response to vaccines
4) Other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded (see Table)
www.esid.org
15. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Possible(предположителен)
Male patient with less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other causes of
hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded (see Table) and at least one of
the following is positive:
1) Onset of recurrent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2) Serum IgG, IgM and IgA more than 2 SD below normal for age
3) Absent isohemagglutinins
www.esid.org
16. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
All other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia listed in Table 1:
1) Mu heavy chain deficiency (дефицит тяжелых цепей)
2) Lambda 5 deficiency
3) IgA deficiency
www.esid.org
17. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
18. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
19. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
20. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
21. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Age of 6 years 3 years 8 months 3 years 9 months 1 year 4 months
establishing
diagnosis
Clinical aspects Purulent conjunctivitis, Recurrent otitis,
otitis, Bilateral Purulent
chronic maxillary streptodermia,
streptodermia, pneumonia,
pneumonia, ,
conjunctivitis,
sinusitis, chronic
sinusitis, rheumatoid arthritis,, recurrent otitis, enterovirus
pneumonia,
pneumonia, purulent neutropenia,
neutropenia, meningocephalitis,
meningocephalitis,
bronchiectatic disease,, conjunctivitis, nose
, delay of physical bacterial
left lung resection, nose
resection, bleeding development,
development, endocarditis
bleeding (disaggregative chronic colitis
(disaggregative trombocytopathya
trombocytopathya) )
Serum Ig IgG -0.1г/л
0.1г IgG -0.11г/л
0.11г IgG 2.0 г/л Dramatic decrease
IgA- 0.17г/л
IgA- 0.17г IgA -0.18г/л
0.18г IgA 0.13 г/л
IgM 0.27г/л
0.27г IgM 0.006г/л
0.006г IgM 0,01
B -cells СD21 2% СD19 0% СD19 2%
Molecular genetic It wasn’t made
wasn’ a c.881 C>T It wasn’t made
wasn’ Mother and child
research missense mutation have Mutation
in exon 10 of the Nt61delT
BTK gene
Therapy now Regular replacement therapy with intravenous Ig
Antibacterial therapy in case of infection
Symptomatic therapy
Age 29years
29years 12years
12years 17years
17years 10years
10years
22. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Принципы терапии
•Регулярная заместительная терапия
внутривенными иммуноглобулинами
•Лечение и профилактика
инфекционных осложнений(Антибиотики
широкого спектра действия по
индивидуальным схемам)
•Лечение аутоиммунных проявлений
•Симптоматическая терапия
23. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
The importance of regular immune globulin replacement in patients with
antibody
deficiencies was initially attributed to its ability to provide specific antibodies
that could not be produced by these patients — in particular, antibodies to
encapsulated
organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae.
24. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Контактная информация:
Гусева Марина Николаевна
педиатр, аллерголог - иммунолог, врач высшей
категории КДЦ Санкт-Петербургской Государственной
Педиатрической медицинской академии
(www.gpma.ru),член ESID, член Steering Committee of The J
Project
Контактная информация: 194100 СПб., ул. Александра
Матросова д.22
тел. для записи: 8 (812) 295 41 75
раб. телефон: 8 (812) 295 10 72
E-mail: gusevamarina@mail.ru
ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им.
Пастера, 8(812)233-48-11
25. Гусева М.Н., IV Всероссийская школа по клинической иммунологии, 2013г.
Благодарю за внимание и
сотрудничество